Back Translation’ is the process of translating a document that has already been translated into a foreign language back to the original language.
The nuances of translation are far-ranging. A literal word in one language, for example, may have no equivalent in another language, or could have a completely different « meaning » or effect in the translated language. This is why translation is an art rather than a science. No translation can be expected to convey perfectly the « meaning » of what consumers meant to convey in their own language. Hence the need for accredited translators who can translate verbatim. All the good work of a focus group moderator in not « interpreting » verbatim comments can be wiped out by a careless translator.
Back translation can improve the reliability and validity of research in different languages by requiring that the quality of a translation is verified by an independent translator translating back into the original language. Original and back translated documents can then be compared.
Due to its high cost, back translation is not overly common, but in very high risk – high return situations is well worth the investment.

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